Martin Orr's Blog

Gross's proof of the Chowla-Selberg formula

Posted by Martin Orr on Friday, 04 March 2016 at 11:40

Today I am going to write about Gross's proof of the Chowla-Selberg formula (up to algebraic numbers). As I discussed last time, the Chowla-Selberg formula is a formula for the periods of a CM elliptic curve E in terms of values of the gamma function. The idea of Gross's proof is to construct a family of abelian varieties equipped with a section of the de Rham cohomology which has constant periods, such that there is one abelian variety in the family where the period is easy to calculate, and another abelian variety in the family is a power of E and so knowing a period of this variety allows us to calculate the periods of E.

no comments Tags abelian-varieties, hodge, maths, number-theory, shimura-varieties Read more...

The Chowla-Selberg formula

Posted by Martin Orr on Monday, 28 December 2015 at 20:00

The Chowla-Selberg formula is an equation which expresses the periods of CM elliptic curves in terms of values of the gamma function at rational arguments. Colmez conjectured a generalisation of the Chowla-Selberg formula to higher-dimensional CM abelian varieties, and an averaged version of Colmez's conjecture was recently proved by Andreatta, Goren, Howard and Madapusi Pera and independently by Yuan and Zhang. This has been much talked about in the world of abelian varieties, because Tsimerman used the averaged Colmez conjecture to complete the proof of the André-Oort conjecture for \mathcal{A}_g.

I thought that rather than looking directly at the Colmez conjecture, it would be good to start with the simpler Chowla-Selberg formula i.e. the elliptic curves case. In this post I will talk about a couple of ways of stating the formula, in terms of periods of CM elliptic curves or in terms of Faltings heights.

no comments Tags abelian-varieties, faltings, maths, number-theory Read more...

Motivic Galois groups and periods

Posted by Martin Orr on Tuesday, 03 November 2015 at 16:00

In my last post, I discussed how the existence of a polarisation implies an upper bound for the transcendence degree of the extended period matrix of an abelian variety, namely the dimension of the general symplectic group \operatorname{GSp}_{2g} (where g is the dimension of the abelian variety). In this post, I will discuss how this can be generalised to take into account all algebraic cycles on the abelian variety. The group \operatorname{GSp}_{2g} is replaced by the motivic Galois group of the abelian variety, which I will define. I will also mention how Deligne's theorem on absolute Hodge cycles allows us to replace the motivic Galois group by the Mumford-Tate group.

no comments Tags abelian-varieties, alg-geom, hodge, maths, number-theory Read more...

Period relations on abelian varieties

Posted by Martin Orr on Monday, 26 October 2015 at 11:00

The Legendre period relation is a classical equation relating the periods and quasi-periods of an elliptic curve, as defined last time. I will discuss this relation, and then more generally discuss how the existence of polarisations implies relations between the periods of higher-dimensional abelian varieties.

These examples motivate the introduction of the geometric motivic Galois group, which gives an upper bound for the transcendence degree of periods of an abelian variety (or indeed any algebraic variety). This upper bound is conjectured to be equal to the actual transcendence degree. I had intended to discuss the geometric motivic Galois group in this post too, but I decided that it was getting to long so I will postpone that to another time.

no comments Tags abelian-varieties, alg-geom, hodge, maths, number-theory Read more...

Periods of abelian varieties

Posted by Martin Orr on Tuesday, 06 October 2015 at 16:10

There are a couple of different matrices associated with an abelian variety which are referred to as its period matrix. These matrices relate different choices of bases for the tangent space or H^1 of the abelian variety. In this post I will discuss the different definitions of period matrices and how they relate to each other.

A complex abelian variety A can be realised as the quotient of the g-dimensional complex vector space T_0 A by the rank-2g lattice H_1(A, \mathbb{Z}). The period matrix expresses a basis of this lattice in terms of a basis for the tangent space. We can also get a period matrix which is twice as large by using de Rham cohomology H^1_{dR}(A) instead of the tangent space T_0 A.

The period matrix can be defined for any complex abelian variety, but it contains additional information if the abelian variety is defined over a number field k, as we can then choose our basis for T_0 A to also be defined over k. The period matrix then gives us a set of complex numbers relating a basis of a k-vector space to a basis of a \mathbb{Q}-vector space, and the transcendence properties of these numbers are interesting and I will discuss them in a later post.

no comments Tags abelian-varieties, alg-geom, hodge, maths, number-theory Read more...

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